Recreational marijuana must be legalized fairly in New York, dispensary owners and hemp farmers say.

State officials are weighing legalizing adult-use cannabis, as a growing number of states have, to serve as a potential revenue source to help offset the state’s estimated $50 billion budget deficit over two years related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

New York is expected to legalize adult recreational use of marijuana this year, Gov. Andrew Cuomo said Nov. 5 — two days after Election Day when voters in neighboring New Jersey approved a ballot measure legalizing cannabis.

The state’s mounting budget deficit and changing marijuana laws in border states will pressure lawmakers to reach a deal on recreational marijuana usage, Cuomo said.

“I think this year it is ripe because the state is going to be desperate for funding — even with Biden, even with the stimulus,” Cuomo said during a Nov. 5 radio interview on WAMC. “Even with everything else, we’re still going to need funding, and it’s also the right policy. … I think we’re going to get there this year.”

Benjamin Dobson, founder and chief executive officer of Hudson Hemp — a Hudson-based hemp processor that partners with several hemp farmers in Columbia, Dutchess and Ulster counties — called for intelligent legislation that would ensure an adequate, affordable cannabis supply chain in poor rural areas and underrepresented urban areas.

“It’s high time this gets legalized,” Dobson said.

He said amnesty must be granted and records must be expunged for people with previous marijuana possession charges or convictions — especially widespread among people of color and poor Black and brown communities.

“White suburban kids weren’t getting stopped and frisked and no more or less of them were smoking weed,” Dobson said. “These communities have been unfairly targeted by cannabis. This governor is in the process of leaving out the very people who it most negatively affected. If they’re going to legalize cannabis in a time where Cuomo says he cares about Black lives, he cares about the New York state economy and wants to legalize cannabis, all those things can be connected.

“There’s business and revenue potential, which could help revitalize these communities if they don’t just put this in the hands of big business,” Dobson added.

State lawmakers have introduced various versions of a bill to enact recreational marijuana regulation and taxation since 2013. The most recent for the 2019-20 session include a Democratic-sponsored bill, which was amended and recommitted to the Senate Finance Committee on March 12, and an Assembly bill which was amended and recommitted to the Codes Committee on March 11.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which was first ravaging the state, especially downstate and New York City at the time, halted further negotiations.

“The question becomes about the money about the distribution and the power,” Cuomo said on WAMC. “But as it always comes down to money and power, who gets the licenses and who gets the money?”

The state’s legislation must consider communities of color and farmers and bring cannabis to the market at a lower price, as opposed to heavy reliance on medical marijuana companies, which would largely result in higher prices, Dobson said.

The state should make it simple for New York hemp farmers who have established infrastructure to obtain a retail license, and issue equal distribution and retail permits focused on communities of color.

“Ideally, people of color should have dispensaries on Fifth Avenue,” Dobson said of the affluent New York City street. “The way the population and demographics line up, there’s a real opportunity to have a positive effect on rural and urban economies and underrepresented urban areas. I feel like what could be a win-win-win is not being looked at.”

Gina Miller, co-owner of Miller Organics in Albion, Orleans County, with husband Terry, has grown certified-organic hemp at their farm for two years.

New York legislation to legalize recreational marijuana must keep hemp and cannabis regulations separate, Miller said.

“It’s not the same,” Miller said. “Let it be a farm crop.”

Miller is concerned legislators will pass a law permitting state Health, and Agriculture and Markets departments to lump hemp and cannabis regulations together because they’re the same plant.

Hemp, which contains 0.3% or less of THC — the crystalline compound in cannabis responsible for marijuana’s psychological effects — is the same as other agricultural crops such as corn or apples.

After state legalization, Miller said she would grow cannabis to make herbal medicines and supply the community with an organic product if the law is feasible for small boutique hemp operations like theirs.

“They’re both cannabis, but one has CBD, the other has high THC,” Miller explained. “If someone wants to smoke all that really high THC and be stoned, it’s on them. … As long as THC is 0.3%, it’s an herb. It does not need the regulation that they’re looking to impose on marijuana.

“… to me, hemp farmers are being penalized by recreational marijuana,” she added. “Not that I’m against legalization at all, I just want my protections there.”

New Jersey voters overwhelmingly supported a constitutional amendment on Election Day that allows lawmakers there to craft a system to license and regulate a recreational cannabis market.

The New Jersey ballot question asked voters to approve a 6.625% state tax on marijuana sales to those 21 or older and also permits local municipalities to charge another 2% tax.

A 20% tax on recreational marijuana in Massachusetts, where dispensaries opened to the public in 2018, brought in $122 million in revenue for the state over the first two fiscal years of sales there, the state reported in August.

Erik Williams, COO of Canna Provisions Group, which owns three Massachusetts marijuana dispensaries in Lee, Easthampton and Holyoke, said the company brought about $1 million in sales tax revenue to the town of Lee last year.

Massachusetts applies a tax rate of about 20% to marijuana sales, including various local taxes. The commonwealth legalized recreational marijuana on the 2016 Election Day ballot. The state’s first sales of adult-use cannabis were registered in December 2018.

“That’s about the fastest a state has gone from passing a law to actual first sales,” Williams said.

Providing hard dates for license approval and sales is critical in New York’s legislation, he added.

“That’s a very key part, otherwise, you can have significant bureaucratic delays at any given point,” Williams said.

Massachusetts cannabis licensure is unique, Canna Provisions CEO Meg Sanders said.

“Local governments hold a lot of the cards,” Sanders said, adding the majority of Massachusetts municipalities had a local ban or long-term hold on cannabis businesses — even with the state legalization law. … That slowly but surely has loosened up, but not in the numbers I think everyone was thinking, so it’s still a really tight market.”

The state features more than 60 cannabis retail locations to date.

New York must do the right thing and not just focus on the additional tax revenue with legalization, Williams said, and advocated for a socially equitable program to mitigate generations-long impacts of Gov. Nelson Rockefeller’s drug laws and the drug war.

“If they don’t do that, it will be a complete failure and it will be an absolute travesty,” he added.

New York lawmakers have struggled to approve legal cannabis in recent years despite Cuomo expressing support in 2018. Democrats, who control both chambers in the state Legislature, have come close to passing a pot program, but quibbles over how tax money will be distributed and the licensing process has stalled the efforts.

Cuomo expressed confidence state lawmakers will feel pressure to reach a deal and fast-track the measure when the Legislature reconvenes in January.

“I think it’s going to be an easier conversation,” Cuomo said. “I think the pressure is going to be on because we’re going to need the money so badly, you know, and you have such a gap now.”

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Tribune News Service contributed to this report.